Saturday, June 25, 2011

ENT Oral Questions

Posted by c's On Saturday, June 25, 2011 83 comments


Post your ENT oral questions here. If you do not have an account in Google, Blogger, LiveJournal, Wordpress etc., choose anonymous or Name/URL.

Arrange your questions according to these headings.

Ear
Nose
Pharynx
Esophagus
Larynx
Miscellaneous
We hope your post should look like this:

[Ear]
- What is tinnitus?
- What are types of tinnitus?

[Nose]
- What is epistaxis?
- How do you manage epistaxis in a 14-year-old boy?

[Pharynx]
- Enumerate causes of obstructive sleep apnea

[Esophagus]
- Management of corrosive oesophagitis

[Larynx]
- What is stridor?
- Why stridor is more common in children?
- What is the most common cause of stridor in children?

[Miscellaneous]
- Types of LASER in ENT

Thank you

83 comments:

salam c's.boleh ke nak mintak tlg; terus buat kurungan kat headings tu bleh tak: [Ear] [Nose] dan setreusnya
senang sikit nak copy paste.tq!

secretory OM-investigations, type of tympanometry, ttt
otosclerosis-def,ttt

complications of sinusitis
septal perforation

mononucleosis(glandular fever)
quinsy-signs&symptoms

what was the slide questions: cite pasal soklan first; secret0ry otitis media. then doc terus tanya

[Ear]
-what are the causes of secret0ry 0titis media
-what are the causes of ET obstruction
-Difference btw safe and unsafe chronic OM

[Nose]
-Allergic Nasal Polypi

[Esophagus]
-what are the causes of Dysphagia

[Pharynx]
-Indication of tracheostomy
-Difference btw single and multiple papillomatosis

[ear]
content of medial ear
branch of facial nerve
sequelae of AOM

[nose]
most common cause of epstaxis,in old patient

[pharynx]
plummer vinson syndrome,predisposing factor of....

[larynx]
indication of high tracheostomy,complication

[Ear]
treatment of otosclerosis
treatment of cholesteatoma
indications of myringotomy
types of ventilation tube

[nose]
mucocele
complications of sinusitis

[pharynx]
Glandular fever
define quinsy. treatment?

(ear)
secretory otitis media

(pharynx)
quinsy
apnea and sleep apnea syndrome

sign mastoiditis
investigation angiofibroma
why agiofibroma easily blead on touch
stridor in child

(ear)
-treatment of suppurative otitis media
-different btween radical and cortical mastoidectomy
-tympanoplasty ->in details

[nose]
-treatmennt allergic nasal polypi

[pharynx]
-what is quinsy?
-treatment of quinsy?and site of incision

[larynx]
-indications of tracheostomy
-signifiance of doing tracheostomy in lower airway obstruction
-structures may be injured during tracheostomy..

~thank u :)

[ear]
ttt of CSOM
myringoplasty
grafts that can b used
content of middle ear n nerve supply of the muscles
ttt of otosclerosis

[nose]
common cause of epistaxis
common cause of epistaxis in old age

[larynx]
ttt of cancer larynx and LN metastasis
high tracheostomy and indications
injury of tracheostomy and ttt of pneumothorax

[ear]
Meniere's disease (klo boleh nk semua tp igt ape je)

[throat]
stridor in children
indication tonsillectomy (recurrent acute attack dlm buku kate 3 tapi hok doktor kate 5 ..ades)

doctor sangat detail, nak semua.SEMUA.

(ear)
gradenigo triad
otosclerosis (all)
(pharynx)
trotter triad
(larynx)
causes of stridor
tracheostomy type and indication

(EAR)
CAUSES OF SOM

(NOSE)
CAUSES & MANAGEMENT OF EPISTAXIS
CAUSES OF SINUSITIS

(LARYNX)
INDICATION OF TRACHEOSTOMY

stakat ni..ini je yg diingat....

ear
meniere's disease-def. ttt. type of hearing loss. course

throat
indication tonsillectomy(sama la aku dgn mu em. aku jwb 3 doktor kata 5.aku sengih je=P)

larynx
indication tracheostomy (in details)

-fasihah-

[ear]
cranial complication of suppurative OM (4)
petrositis CP --> Gradenigo triad + type of discharge
ttt otosclerosis
ttt cholesteatoma

[nose]
common tumor of nose -->osteoma
fumgal sinusitis (MIAM)
granuloma of nose

[throat]
cause of stridor child 5 y.o
manifestation URT obstruction

Assalamualaikum..

[nose]
Causes of nasal obstruction.

[larynx]
Tell me everything about stridor.

[ear]
-Causes of otalgia..most common(furunculosis)
-malignant otitis externa.type of patient(diabetes)
alhamdulillah..

Assalamualaikum wbt...

[Ear]
1)Functions of ET
2)What is the test for compliance of typmanic membrane >Tympanometry
3)Otosclerosis: def, which part of ossicle, symptoms, type of hearing loss
4)Complications of perichondritis

[Nose]
1)Complications of furunculosis
2)Site of dangerous triangle of the face

[Larynx]
Vocal cord nodule: site of the nodules, cause


wallahu a'lam...

[nose]

a 24 yrs old man came to the emergency room with traumatic fracture of nasal bone. how do you manage this patient?

-investigations & treatments
-how to control bleeding?
-how to do anterior nasal packing

[larynx]

a 60 yrs old male come to emergency room complaining stridor few days ago. how do you manage this patient? (cancer larynx)

-tracheostomy due to stridor
-investigations and treatmets of cancer larynx
-rehabilitation of voice

(ear)
Referred pain

(nose)
Deviated nasal septum -C/P
Epistaxis
Fungal infection of nose

(larynx)
tracheostomy- indications + values

to anonymous

eh, abis tu korang taip balik ke?
copy je dari contoh, pastu backspace je la (padam yang jawapan)

[Ear]
- Deafness, type, what cause each, Meneire Disease, CP of Meneiere, how to confirm diagnosis, common SNHL in? Ototic drugs


[Larynx]
- Stridor, type, causes
- Detecting stridor in ER
- Cancer larynx, malignant (types) and benign (single and multiple papillomatosis)

tambahan...

what do you know abaout little's area?
it can cause what type of epistaxis..

alhamdulillah...

[Ear]
-Gradenigo's triad - (PULSATING discharge)
-D.D of pulsating ear discharge
-Intracranial complication of SOM
-ttt of choleosteatoma
-ttt of otosclerosis

[Nose]
-Rhinoscleroma - where and extend.
-enumerate fungal infection if nose.

[Larynx]
-2 common causes of stridor in 5 years old child.
-symptoms of upper respiratory tract obstruction.
-Laryngoscleroma (where)

[EAR]
A PATIENT COME TO YOU COMPLAINING THAT HIS MOUTH IS DEVIATED.FROM HIS HISTORY HE'S COMPLETELY HEALTHY,JUST HE HAD COMMON COLD LAST FEW DAYS,WHAT'S YOUR DIAGNOSIS?
--> BELL'S PALSY

WHAT TEST SHOULD BE DONE TO KNOW WHETHER HE IS SUFFERING FROM UMNL/LMNL?
-->SEE THE EYE

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?
-->STEROID

WHAT IS CONTRAINDICATION OF STEROID?
--> DIABETES

GIVE ME THE PERCENTAGE OF CURE FROM THIS DISEASE?
-->70%

[NOSE]
A PATIENT COME TO YOU WITH HISTORY OF CAR ACCIDENT AND EPISTAXIS.HOW COULD YOU MANAGE THIS CASE?
-->CONTROL EPISTAXIS BY COMPRESS HIS NOSE

BUT THAT'S COMPLETELY PAINFUL?HE HAD FRACTURED NOSE!
-->GIVE ADRENALINE!

SO,WHAT TO DO AFTER THAT?
-->TO ENSURE WHETHER IF HAD EDEMA OR NOT BEFORE WE REDUCE THE FRACTURED BONE..

IF HE HAS EDEMA?WHEN THE EDEMA WILL DISSAPEAR?
-->I WEEK

SO,AFTER THAT?
-->REDUCED THE FRACTURED BONE,IF THERE IS MALUNION,WAIT FOR 3 MONTHS,THEN ONLY WE PROCEED WITH RHINOPLASTY

TQ! :)

[ear]
-secretory otitis media-def.ttt

[nose]
-complications of sinusitis
-septal perforation-causes
-syphilis,kat mana perforation.(anterior part ke?bukan post part?-doc uji yakin ke tak)

[pharynx]
-infectious mononucleosis-blood picture
-quinsy-definition,symptoms&sign,ttt
peritonsillar space.where?

[Ear]
1. what is vertigo
2. menniere's disease: definition, symptom, deafness= low tone n fluctuant
3. facial nerve palsy: difference UMNL n LMNL
4. Causes of Bell's palsy

[Nose]

CSF rinorrhea, dr nak dgr CSF xada mucous.

[Pharynx]
What is Ludwig's angina and ttt

[Larynx]
Muscle of larynx.

[Ear]
-otalgia
-complication of CSOM
-otosclerosis
-complication of ET obstruction

[Pharynx]
-complication of chronic tonsillitis
-angiofibroma

[Larynx]
-causes of stridor in children

[Nose]
cause of epistaxis

[esophagus]
-cause of dysphagia

[Larynx]
-Difference btw single and multiple papillomatosis
-cause of obstruction airways

Cases
1)A patient came to the ER, after an accident; with deformity in nose(fracture nasal bone) and severe epistaxis.Give diagnosis and treatment accordingly.

2)A child brought to the hosp by mom with high fever, dysphagia, and sore throat.Give diagnosis n ttt.What type of antibiotic given?and why?When to do tonsillectomy?What are d complications of tonsillectomy?What do we do if reactionary haemorrhage occur?

Soalan berantai2...

salam alayk.

[Nose]
-Causes of chronic sinusiti
-A child come to you with epistaxis. How to manage?

[Larynx]
-Diff between singla and multiple larygeal polyp
-A child come with stridor. what is your diagnosis?
-Type of stridor
-Indication of tracheostomy

[Ear]
Otosclerosis- otoscopic finding, ttt

[Nose]
dr tunjuk ct scan..
-what's this, structures, diagnose
(C Hypertrophic rhinitis)

DD of unilateral nasal mass

[Larynx]
Stridor
-define
-partial or complete obst? if complete?
-if lower RT obst?

Blood disease cause sore throat
-enumerate
-inf mononucleosis

liyana mastura

[ear]
What do you know about otalgia?
Nerves supply of the ear
Causes of otalgia

[pharynx]
Complication of tonsillectomy

[nose]
Symptoms and investigations of allergic rhinitis

[larynx]
Papilloma of the larynx

Bismillah

[Ear]
- AOM, do it cause facial paralysis (Yes),Treatment
- Meniere's disease [Definition, C/p; characteristic vertigo(intermittent then recurrent),SNHL (low tone)

[Nose]
- What is Oro-antral fistula; Causes& C/p (offensive discharge, regurgitation of foods)

- Complications of Sinusitis

[Esophagus]
- Cardiac Achalasia; Definition, Causes & Treatment

[Ear]
- Causes of hearing loss.
- otosclerosis (definition)
- secretory OM (CP and ttt)

[Nose]
- Rhinoscleroma (CP and ttt)

[Larynx]
- Causes of hoarseness.

[Pharynx]
65 year old male+active smoker came with dysphagia and loss of weight.

-what could it be?
-how to diff Nasopharyngeal Ca n Hypopharyx Ca
Nasopharyngeal high up, aural manifestation,neuro manifestation
-how to investigate?
-How to treat:
surgery: small or large mass? large--->dysphagia

7 year old child came with fever(39C), sore throat, cant open his mouth

-quinsy
-how to treat: incision and drainage
-can we do incision n tonsillectomy at the same time?
no--->massive bleeding..
so, when? after few months...
-what can we see?: swelling, lateral to tonsil, push uvula to the opposite side.

[Ear]
- secretory otitis media : type B tympanogram (draw it) & treatment
- causes of hearing loss ~ in old people = presbiacusis

[Nose]
- case : a child with unilateral nasal obstruction & discharge = choanal atresia & foreign body
- antrochoanal polyp, allergic polyp

[Larynx]
- definition & causes of stridor

[Ear]
pta type B

[Larynx]
Stridor

[Nose]
sleep apnea

:)

mahfuzah abdul halim

how was the written exam?:
lpas belajar nak fokus dalam bidang apa?


soalan dalam bentuk case:

[pharynx]
a 4 years old boy
-fever(39.5)
-dysphagia
-pain in the ear

what other symptopms that u expect+how to examine and investigate?
-the answer is acute tonsillitis+symptoms required.
-why there is refered pain?through what nerve?
-complication of acute tonsillitis
(terjawab rheumatic fever-dr tanya macam mana mechanism die)
-treatment-antibiotic(cth apa)+berapa lama bagi antibiotic
-patient ni kena buat tonsillectomy ke x?apa complication die?

case 2:
a 60 yrs old man come to you with bleeding in his nose.
-causes
-how to manage?
-kenapa kita x nak bagi pakcik tu tertelan darah die?
-kalau 1st aid x berjaya nak buat apa?
-little's area
-ant ethmoidal artery dari artery apa?

wallahu a'lam.

[EAR]
-causes of deafness?(enumerate)
-otosclerosis- def, how it cause deafness?
-secretory OM(CP, investigations(tympanometry- type b curve and ttt)

[LARYNX]
-What is stridor and causes(enumerate)
-larnygoscleroma- ttt(what you should advise the patient along the medical ttt- Rifampicin-red discoloration of urine and do liver test(hepatoxic)

Alhamdulillah a3la kullihal..

EAR
define chelesteatoma
classification of chronic inflammation of middle ear
gradenigo triad

NOSE
unilateral nasal obstruction

PHARYNX
retropharyngeal abcess
angiofibroma

LARYNX
indication of traceostomy
singer's nodule

NURHELMI LUKHMAN


(EAR)
1.congenital cholesteatoma
2.def n ttt otoslclerosis

(PHARYNX AND LARYNX)
3.boundry parapharyngeal abcess
4.def sleep apnea n what cause snoring and
polysomnegraphy(function)
5.def stridor
6.definition t3 larynx tumor

[EAR]
*Congenital Cholestiatoma

[PHARYNX]
*Sleep Apnea Syndrome
-Definition
-Investigations
*Stridor
-Definition
-Cause in infant/children
-Investigation in child case
*Parapharyngeal Space
-Its boundry
*Retropharyngeal Abscess
-Acute/Chronic
-If given lateral view x-ray,how to differentiate between both

[Ear]
1.indication myringotomy
2.otitic barotrauma

[Nose]
1.causes of cavernous sinus trombosis
2.causes of septal perforation
3.causes of proptosis & systemic cause-->hyperthyroidism

[Pharynx]
-Quinsy -oropharyngeal examination and its treatment

[EAR]

Suppurative Otitis Media
-What is it?
-Treatment

[PHARYNX]

Tonsillectomy
-Indications


Sekian :)

[ear]
-otosclerosis (definition and types)
-gredenigo's triad
-cranial complications of CSOM
-branches of facial nerve

[nose]
-causes and management of epistaxis

[larynx]
-causes of stridor in children

[pharynx]
-complications of acute tonsilitis
-indications of tonsillectomy
-feeding vessels of angiofibroma

[ear]
-indication myringotomy, what we do after myringotmy?-> put ventilation tube..

[nose]
-complication of sinusitis
-causes of protosis esp thyrotoxicosis
-what is mucocele? what bone that involve?-->thin lamina paparycea

[pharynx]
-investigation OSA

sory, stkt ni tu je yg blh diingt...

[ear]:
what is cholesteatoma?
what the investigation?
*this part the doctors argue with my answer based dr hazem scheme regarding culture and sensitivity test.dr hazem said this test is useless while the doctor who examine me and most of the doctors in the room disagree with this answer.they said culture and sensitivity test can be done!
what can we find in otosclerosis using otoscope?
why flamingo red tympanic membrane in otosclerosis?
what are the treatment of otosclerosis?

[nose]*doctor said we r going the harder questions!!!*
if someone come to u in emergency room with severe epistaxis,how can we know the patient is having severe epistaxis---(shock manifestations)
so what r the treatment for severe epistaxis---(treatment of shock)

[pharynx]
what the blood disease that cause sore throat?
what the organism causing infectious monocoliosis?
what the investigation for it?
what the different between agranulocytosis and leukemia?

[larnyx]
what is stridor?
is it only happening in upper lower airways?
is bronchial affection lead to stridor?

[ear]
-difference between safe and unsafe type of CSOM

[nose]
-causes of chronic sinusitis
-management of epistaxis

[oesophagus]
-dysphagia

[larynx]
-difference between single and multiple papilloma
-indication of tracheostomy

tu je yang mampu diingat

salam..
[nose]
-causes of sinusitis
-management of epistaxis

[oesophagus]
-dysphagia

[larynx]
-indication of tracheostomy

(ear)
difference between safe and unsafe csom
(nose)
sinusitis
epistaxis-cause
(pharynx)
dysphagia

(larynx)
difference between single and multiple papilloma

[Ear]
-Minerre disease, definition, character of hearing loss.
-Otosclerosis; definition, type of hearing loss.
-Tympanometry.

[Nose]
-Little's area. its important.
-Frunculosis, complication (CST) through which vein.

[Larynx]
-crycothyroid ms, its function n important (high pitch voice)

[nose]
causes of epistaxis
most common cause of epistaxis

[larynx]
stridor
-definition
-causes in children

snoring
-definition
-causes

(Nose)

What causes epistaxis
What causes chronic sinusitis
What can cause ostiomeatal complex block-(pathology and physiology)

[EAR]
-DIFFERENCE BTW SAFE N UNSAFE CSOM
-ROLE MEDICAL TTT IN CHOLESTEATOMA

[PHARYNX]
-TONSILLECTOMY
*INVESTIGATION
*APA YANG ADA DALAM COAGULATION PROFILE
*INDICATION
*IF SOMEONE HAVE HISTORY OF RHEUMATIC FEVER,PERLU BUAT TONSILLECTOMY OR NOT?(SAYA JAWAB.KALU ACTIVE TAK BOLEH BUAT,AKAN COMPLICATION,DOKTOR CAKAP,SAYA TAK TANYA AKTIF,SAYA CAKAP HISTORY,JAWAPANNYA,YES,MUST DO IT)

[ESOPHAGUS]
-PHARYNGEAL CAUSE OF DYSPHAGIA
*KALU JAWAB MEDIASTINAL SYNDROME,DKTR AKAN TANYA,CONTOH?
*KALU JAWAB INFLAMMATION,DKTR TANYA,CONTOH?
KONKLUSINYA-HADAM BETUL2.....

[ear]
cholesteatoma treatment
otosclerosis treatment
intracranial complications of suppurative otitis media

[nose]
types of fungal sinusitis
most common tumor in the nose

[pharynx]
none

[larynx]
most common causes of stridor in children
symptoms of upper airway obstruction
when are the times that you should do tracheostomy -anwser- when you think that it should be done, it becomes necessary....

[Ear]
- function of ET
- what is compliance? how we use it in ENT? how to measure it?
- meniere's disease - definition, symptom
- compication of perichodritis
- otosclerosis

[Nose]
- complication of vestibulitis -->cavernous sinus thrombosis
- dangerous area of face
- little's area. it can cause what type of epistaxis..

[Larynx]
- Vocal cord nodule: site of the nodules, cause


Alhamdulillah!

salam alayk :)

[ear]
- what is myringotomy and indications
- what is otitic barotrauma and signs (stage mild, moderate, severe)

[nose]
- what is orbital complications of sinusitis? what happens to the eye? - chemosis, proptosis etc
- cause of proptosis

[pharynx]
- what is Ludwig angina? what the thing that we afraid of? -stridor
- causative organism for infectious mononucleosis? - EBV

[Ear]
-function of ET
-meniere's disease-definition,symptom,type of deafness
-otosclerosis-definition,symptom,type of deafness

[Nose]
-complication of vestibulitis
-dangerous area of face
-little's area

[Larynx]
-musces of vocal cord
-vocal cord nodule-site,treatment

[Ear]
What.is.otosclerosis?~everything.about.otosclerosis
Who.does.it.affect
Bilateral/unilateral

[Pharynx]
What.is.nasopharyngeal.angiofibroma~everything.about.angiofibroma
Where.is.it.from?
Why.there.is.extensive.bleeding?~no.musculosa
What.do.u.do.before.surgery?~embolization

[Esophagus]
Give.me.esophageal.causes.of.dysphagia~in.order~

[Ear]
- Cranial complications of OM.
- ttt of Otosclerosis
- cholesteatoma --> def n ttt

[Nose]
- Enumerate causes of watery rhinorhea.

[Larynx]
- Dr bg kes ade budak severe stridor n sudden. probable diagnosis --> FB n acute laryngitis
- Signs of stridor

wallahua'lam

[Ear]
complication of OM
otosclerosis - treatment


[Nose]
type of fungal infection of nose (ni mmg rare)
rhinoscleroma- def n treatment


[Larynx]
larngoscleroma - site
tracheostomy - complication
clinical picture of upper airway obstruction
causes of stidor
bilateral paralysis of vocal cord - cause n treatment


sedikit hint untuk adik2- last minit bace collection of oral notes.. agak membantu laa.medadteam or mane2 notes..

[Ear]
Causes of facial paralysis originated from ear
Treatment of ASOM with dehiscent facial canal
Anatomy[sites] of facial nerve in the ear
what is the most common cause of facial paralysis? -Bell's palsy

[Throat]
Indication of tracheostomy
Why we must do tracheostomy in
- paralysis of respiratory muscle
- part of another surgical procedure

Causes of stridor in children - [the most is acute non spec laryngitis]

[tu je kot. tak ingat dah. sebab tadi dua-dua doctor dgn student dah lupe soalan 1st yg ditanya :P ]

All the best!

haa, satu lagi, tetinggal

[Larynx]
FB inhalation

NURUL FARHANA IBRAHIM

[Pharynx]

soalan dlm bentuk case..

child 4 year old
fever,dysphagia,pain on right ear.
what will you do first???

saya jawab buat otoscopy then dr said if the ear are normal so what's your comment...
=ACUTE TONSILLITIS

What about pain in the ear??
=referred pain (glossopharyngeal nerves)

management of the disease???
what type of antibiotic you will give??
causative organism of the disease???
complication of the disease??
=rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
why rheumatic fever occur??
=cross reacton(yg ni mmg xde lam buku ENT so jwpnnye lam buku mikrob n patho)
other complication??
=chronic tonsillitis
management???
tonsillectomy...
complication of tonsillectomy???
what should we do if hemorrhage occur??
what should we do if the patient suddently have apnea???

[Larynx]

Vocal cord paralysis
nerves supply and the routes??
what are the cause of paralysis??
ttt of paralysis...

salam alayk ;)

[Ear]
- What is vertigo?
- What diseases can cause vertigo?
- do u know what is BPPV?-how does it happen?
- vestibular neuritis caused by?

[Nose]
- What is rhinoscleroma?
- clinical pcture of rhinoscleroma?
- causative agent?

[Pharynx]
- what is adenoid?
- tell me about retropharyngeal abscess
- treatment of acute retroph.abc

[Larynx]
- What is stridor?
- indications of tracheostomy
- care of the patient after tracheostomy

sekian.~~

Salaam.

“What medical specialty would you choose?” coctor asked me.
I replied: pediatrician.

“ok, I then , I might ask you questions related to child”.


CASE 1 [ear]
A woman went to you complaining of her child. Her 3 year old boy has this habit of increase the standard volume settings even higher when he was watching TV. Plus, whenever the mother called his name and he did not look at her either. she did not know if that was because he wasn't old enough to know his name or what. Any advice from you of ways to check his hearing?

Answer: Secretory Otitis Media. (explain it)
First line treatment of Secretory OM: medical or surgery?



Case 2 [larynx]
A woman went to you complaining of her child suffering with difficulty noisy breathing. What are your opinion?

“congenital stenosis,” I replied.

To specify the answer he gave me a clue: which of those congenital stenosis bring the child to improve spontaneously?

The exact answer is : laryngomalacia ( explain it)

Salaam.

“What medical specialty would you choose?” doctor asked me.
I replied: pediatrician.

“ok, I then , I might ask you questions related to child”.


CASE 1 [ear]
A woman went to you complaining of her child. Her 3 year old boy has this habit of increase the standard volume settings even higher when he was watching TV. Plus, whenever the mother called his name and he did not look at her either. she did not know if that was because he wasn't old enough to know his name or what. Any advice from you of ways to check his hearing?

Answer: Secretory Otitis Media. (explain it)
First line treatment of Secretory OM: medical or surgery?



Case 2 [larynx]
A woman went to you complaining of her child suffering with difficulty noisy breathing. What are your opinion?

“congenital stenosis,” I replied.

To specify the answer he gave me a clue: which of those congenital stenosis bring the child to improve spontaneously?

The exact answer is : laryngomalacia ( explain it)

quinsy- def, site, ttt

sleep apnea-def, symptoms, investigation

laryngomalacia

infectious mononucleosis

disease causing membrane on the pharynx

myringotomy-definition, indication

[EAR]
Sec OM- define,ttt
Otosclerosis- define,ttt
Indications of tympanoplasty

[NOSE]
Complications of sinusitis
C/P cavernous sinus thrombosis

[PHARYNX]
Infectious mononucleosis- define,investigations
Quinzy- define,ttt,site of incision

[EAR]
Complications of ear wash

[Nose]
Angiofibroma, Littles Area, Rhinoscleroma (stages) cause of nasal obstructions.

[Larynx]
Indication of Tracheostomy, Low tracheostomy

MENIERRE'S DISEASE
-def,c/o and type of its HL(SNHL low tone)

OTOSCLEROSIS
-def,types

LITTLE'S AREA
-where,importance(commonest site for epistaxis)

LARYNGOMALACIA
-def,causes

VOCAL CORD
-tensor,nerve supply

[Ear]
-ttt of safe and unsafe CSOM
-def,ttt of otosclerosis
-indications of ear wash

[Nose}
-complication and ttt of sinusitis
-septal perforation

[Pharynx]
-quinsy (def,ttt)
-indications of tosillectomy

[ear]
causes of facial paralysis
otitis media
otitis externa (def, isn't it usually occur in normal patient?>>immunocompromised, diabetic
bell's palsy

[nose]
atrophic rhinitis
symptoms-wide roomy nose(imp)
why there is nasal obstruction??, false sensation of obstructiion due to affection of nerve

[ear]
causes of CHL
secretory otitis media(everything)

[larynx]
causes of stridors + posthyroidectomy rec.laryngeal nerve paralysis
granuloma of larynx

nurdiyana mohamed

salam

[ear]
what will u do if patient comes to u with deafness?
-kena jwb type of deafenss..CHL,SNHL
-wajib jwb buat otoscopy,PTA,tympanometry type A,B,C(explain stp satu)

ET dysfunction
-management
-mesti buat medical treatment utk 2-3 weeks,then if failed,baru buat myringotomy and put ventilation tube

otosclerosis
-plg penting jwb tympanometry type As(shape nya mcm mana)

(larynx)
how do u know that the patient has stridor?
-rapid pulse,dypsnea,tachycardia,bla3...
-causes

salam..
(ear)
treatment of otosclerosis
contraindications of stapedectomy
sources of grafts for tympanoplasty
(nose)
common causes of epistaxis

(throat)
quinzy-def,treatment
indications of tracheostomy

-haziq-

(Ear)
-deafnees common in children
-drug yang mnyebabkan deafness(aminoglycosides)
-classification of otitis externa

(nose)
-c/p of allergic rhinitis
-Investigation
-criteria of discharge
-bad smell discharge
-Steroid ada systemic n local

(pharynx)
-c/p of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
-why palatal immobility Trotter's triad
-Ludwig's angina-causes and clinical picture

(Oesophagus)
Dysphagia in esophagus-causes

Alhamdulillah =)

Salam..

Soalan dlm bentuk case:

(Ear)
A woman came to you complaining of her child. Her 4 years old boy has this habit of increase the standard volume settings even higher when he was watching TV.He has diminusion of hearing in both ears but the ear drums are intact.what are you going to do with him?(secretory otitis media w adenoids)

(larynx)
60 years old male complaining of hoarseness of voice since three months.He is a smoker..what are the probable diagnosis?(leukoplakia-precancerous lesion)

doctor nak jawapan mula dr history taking till we get the diagnosis..

Allahumusta3an..~

Salam...
(Nose)
-What are causes of epistaxis

(Larynx)
-Definition of stridor and causes in children

-isildur

1] otosclerosis
-definition
-treatment

2] meniere's disease
-definition
-aetiology

3] eustachian tube
-function and questions based on function;
eg: f(x):equalizing pressure. Next question: importance of equalizing pressure.

4] tensor of vocal cord
-cricothyroid ms
-nerve supply
-type of voice this muscle produced

5] DD of watery discharge of nose

6] retropharyngeal abcess

7] ear wash



naqi and ihsan hamdan

[EAR]
otoslerosis
def
treatment

[NOSE]
CSF rhinorrhea

[PHARYNX]
infectious mononucleosis

[LARYNX]
sleep apnea syndrome
c/p

amira najihah armain

ear
-def cholesteatoma n ttt
-comp of csom in cranial
-cause of facial paralysis

nose
-cause of epitaxis (sume)

ad lg rsnye, tp da lupe T_T

[Ear]
-causes of SNHL, what's the commonest
-triad of Meniere's disease
-ototoxic drugs

[Nose]
-case:mother complain her child cannot breath well with unilateral nose discharge (FB)
-choanal atresia
-antro-choanal polyp

[Larynx]
-hoarseness of voice
-difference between single papilloma and multiple papillomatosis

(ear)
-cranial complication of OM
-signs of acute mastoiditis
-gradeniego's sign

(throat)
-angiofibroma(all)
-stridor in children

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